Organic light-emitting display apparatus and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes: a substrate; pixels defined on the substrate, where each pixel includes a first region including a light-emitting region and a second region including a transmission region; a third region defined on the substrate disposed between the pixels; first electrodes disposed in the pixels on the substrate, respectively, where each first electrode is disposed in the first region of a corresponding pixel; an organic emission layer disposed to cover the first electrodes; a first auxiliary layer disposed on the organic emission layer in the second region and which exposes the first region; a second electrode disposed on the organic emission layer in the first region; a second auxiliary layer disposed in the first and second regions and which exposes the third region; and a third electrode disposed in the third region and in contact with the second electrode.

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No.10-2013-0086961, filed on Jul. 23, 2013, and all the benefits accruingtherefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, the content of which in its entirety isherein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to an organiclight-emitting display apparatus and a manufacturing method of theorganic light-emitting display apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

An organic light-emitting display apparatus is a self light-emittingdisplay that electrically excites an organic compound to emit light.Since the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be operated at alow voltage, may be easily formed in a thin profile, and may have wideviewing angles and fast response speeds, the organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus has received attention as an advanced display that mayaddress limitations in a liquid crystal display device.

The organic light-emitting display apparatus may be used as atransparent display apparatus which appears transparent by forming alight transmission part except a region including a thin film transistoror an organic light-emitting device.

When the organic light-emitting display apparatus is used as thetransparent display apparatus, transparent/translucent metal may beprovided over an entire area of a display area, or opaque metal ispatterned to expose the light transmission part to form a cathode, e.g.,an upper electrode. When the transparent/translucent metal is used, alarge-sized panel may be not be efficiently manufactured due to highsheet resistance of the cathode, and when the opaque metal is used, afine metal mask, which is typically used in a conventional organicmaterial patterning process to form an opening pattern, may be not beeffectively used.

SUMMARY

One or more exemplary embodiments of the invention include an organiclight-emitting display apparatus that may easily form a pattern of acathode as an upper electrode and may reduce resistance, and amanufacturing method of the organic light-emitting display apparatus.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may belearned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, anorganic light-emitting display apparatus includes: a substrate; aplurality of pixels defined on the substrate, where each pixel includesa first region including a light-emitting region which emits light, anda second region including a transmission region which transmits externallight; a third region defined on the substrate disposed between thepixels; a plurality of first electrodes disposed in the pixels on thesubstrate, respectively, where each first electrode is disposed in thefirst region of a corresponding pixel; an organic emission layerdisposed to cover the first electrodes; a first auxiliary layer disposedon the organic emission layer in the second region and which exposes thefirst region; a second electrode disposed on the organic emission layerin the first region; a second auxiliary layer disposed in the firstregion and the second region and which exposes the third region; and athird electrode disposed in the third region and in contact with thesecond electrode.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode may expose the secondregion.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode may be disposed in thesecond region, and a thickness of a portion of the second electrodedisposed in the second region may be less than a thickness of a portionof the second electrode disposed in the first region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode may be formed on thefirst auxiliary layer in the second region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first auxiliary layer may be disposed inthe third region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the third electrode may not be disposed inthe first region and the second region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the third electrode may also be disposed inthe first region and the second region, and a thickness of a portion ofthe third electrode disposed in the first region or the second regionmay be less than a thickness of a portion of the third electrodedisposed in the third region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the third electrode may be disposed on thesecond auxiliary layer in the first region and the second region.

In an exemplary embodiment, a thickness of the third electrode may begreater than a thickness of the second electrode.

In an exemplary embodiment, adhesion of the second electrode to theorganic emission layer may be higher than adhesion of the secondelectrode to the first auxiliary layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, adhesion of the third electrode to thesecond electrode may be higher than adhesion of the third electrode tothe second auxiliary layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the first auxiliary layerand the second auxiliary layer may includeN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,N(diphenyl-4-yl)9,9-dimethyl-N-(4(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine,2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo-[D]imidazole,4,4,4-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA),N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine, or4,4′-Bis[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode and the third electrodemay include magnesium (Mg).

In an exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting display apparatusmay further include a plurality of first lines which extendssubstantially in a first direction and are electrically connected to thefirst electrodes, respectively; and a plurality of second lines whichextends substantially in a second direction, which is perpendicular tothe first direction, and are electrically connected to the firstelectrodes, respectively, where the first auxiliary layer is disposedsubstantially along a straight line parallel to the first line.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode may be included in astraight line parallel to the first lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second auxiliary layer may be disposedsubstantially along a straight line parallel to the second lines.

In an exemplary embodiment, the third electrode may be disposedsubstantially along a straight line parallel to the second lines.

According to one or more embodiments of the invention, a method ofmanufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus includes:defining a plurality of pixels on a substrate, where each pixel includesa first region including a light-emitting region which emits light, anda second region including a transmission region, which transmitsexternal light; providing a plurality of first electrodes in the pixels,respectively, where each first electrode is disposed in the first regionof a corresponding pixel; providing an organic emission layer to coverthe first electrodes; providing a first auxiliary layer on the organicemission layer in the second region and to expose the first region;providing a second electrode in the first region by depositing a metalfor forming the second electrode on the organic emission layer;providing a second auxiliary layer to cover the second electrode in thefirst region and the second region, and to expose a third region whichis defined between the pixels; and providing a third electrode in thethird region to be in contact with the second electrode by depositing ametal for forming the third electrode on the second electrode.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the second electrode mayinclude simultaneously depositing the metal for forming the secondelectrode in the first region to the third region, where the secondelectrode exposes the second region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the second electrode mayinclude simultaneously depositing the metal for forming the secondelectrode in the first region to the third region, where the secondelectrode is provided in the second region, and a thickness of a portionof the second electrode disposed in the second region may be less than athickness of a portion of the second electrode disposed in the firstregion.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the second electrode mayinclude providing the second electrode on the first auxiliary layer inthe second region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the first auxiliary layer mayinclude disposing the first auxiliary layer in the third region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the third electrode mayinclude simultaneously depositing the metal for forming the thirdelectrode in the first region to the third region, where the thirdelectrode exposes the third electrode in the first region and the secondregion.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the third electrode mayinclude simultaneously depositing the metal for forming the thirdelectrode in the first region to the third region, where the thirdelectrode is provided in the first region and the second region, and athickness of a portion of the third electrode disposed in the firstregion or the second region may be less than a thickness of a portion ofthe third electrode disposed in the third region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the third electrode mayinclude providing the third electrode on the second auxiliary layer inthe first region and the second region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the third electrode may be thicker than thesecond electrode.

In an exemplary embodiment, adhesion of the second electrode to theorganic emission layer may be higher than adhesion of the secondelectrode to the first auxiliary layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, adhesion of the third electrode to thesecond electrode may be higher than adhesion of the third electrode tothe second auxiliary layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the first auxiliary layerand the second auxiliary layer may includeN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,N(diphenyl-4-yl)9,9-dimethyl-N-(4(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine,2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo-[D]imidazole,4,4,4-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA),N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine, or4,4′-Bis[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl.

In an exemplary embodiment, the metal for forming the second electrodeand the metal for forming the third electrode may include magnesium(Mg).

In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include providing aplurality of first lines which extends substantially in a firstdirection and are electrically connected to the first electrodes,respectively; and providing a plurality of second lines which extendssubstantially in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the firstdirection, and are electrically connected to the first electrodes,respectively, where the providing the first auxiliary layer includespatterning the first auxiliary layer to be provided substantially alonga straight line parallel to the first line.

In an exemplary embodiment, the providing the second auxiliary layer mayinclude patterning the second auxiliary layer to be providedsubstantially along a straight line parallel to the second lines.

According to exemplary embodiments of the invention, the secondelectrode and the third electrode that include metal may be provided bypatterning without using a separate patterning mask, a process ofproviding the second and third electrodes is substantially simplified.In such embodiments, the second electrode and the third electrode exposethe second region including the transmission region, and thus,transmittance of the entire panel may be substantially improved.

In such embodiments, the third electrode may reduce resistance of thesecond electrode.

In such embodiments, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may bea large-sized display apparatus.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other features of the invention will become more apparentby describing in further detail exemplary embodiments thereof withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment ofan organic light-emitting display apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another alternativeexemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of anorganic light-emitting display apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative exemplary embodimentof an organic light-emitting display apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary embodiment of an organiclight-emitting display apparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a single pixel of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken alone line I-I of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative exemplary embodimentof an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to theinvention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an organiclight-emitting display apparatus according to the invention;

FIGS. 11 to 14 are plan views illustrating an exemplary embodiment of amethod of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to the invention; and

FIG. 15 is a plan view of an alternative exemplary embodiment of anorganic light-emitting display apparatus according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention areshown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms,and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forthherein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosurewill be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of theinvention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer tolike elements throughout.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, theelement or layer can be directly on, connected or coupled to the otherelement or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. Incontrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,”“directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element orlayer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. Like numbersrefer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or”includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associatedlisted items.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third,etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components,regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions,layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These termsare only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer orsection from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element,component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed asecond element, component, region, layer or section without departingfrom the teachings of the invention.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”,“upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in thefigures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” otherelements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elementsor features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both anorientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented(rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes”and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art andwill not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unlessexpressly so defined herein.

Embodiments of the invention are described herein with reference tocross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations ofidealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of the invention. Assuch, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, forexample, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to beexpected. Thus, embodiments of the invention should not be construed aslimited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but areto include deviations in shapes that result, for example, frommanufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flatmay, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharpangles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regionsillustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes arenot intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are notintended to limit the scope of the claims set forth herein.

All methods described herein can be performed in a suitable order unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “suchas”), is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does notpose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwiseclaimed. No language in the specification should be construed asindicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of theinvention as used herein.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described inmore detail with reference to accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment ofan organic light-emitting display apparatus according to the invention,FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus, and FIG. 3 isa schematic cross-sectional view of another alternative exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary embodiment of the organiclight-emitting display apparatus includes a display unit 2 on asubstrate 1.

In such an embodiment of the organic light-emitting display apparatus,external light may transmit the substrate 1 and the display unit 2.

In such an embodiment, where the organic light-emitting displayapparatus include the display unit 2 that allows the external light totransmit therethrough, a user may observe an image from the outsideunder the substrate 1 as illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first pixel P1 and a second pixel P2 that are twoadjacent pixels of the organic light-emitting display apparatus.

Each of the pixels P1 and P2 includes a first region 31 and a secondregion 32.

An image is displayed from the display unit 2 through the first region31, and the external light transmits through the second region 32.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, all of the each of thepixels P1 and P2 include the first region 31 for displaying the imageand the second region 32, through which the external light transmits,such that a transmitted external image may be observed by the user whenthe image is not displayed by the organic light-emitting displayapparatus.

In such an embodiment, devices, such as a thin film transistor, acapacitor and an organic light-emitting device, may not be provided inthe second region 32, transmittance of the external light may bemaximized and the occurrence of distortion of the transmitted image dueto the interference by the devices, such as the thin film transistor,the capacitor and the organic light-emitting device, may besubstantially reduced.

In an exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting display apparatusmay be a bottom-emission type, in which the image of the display unit 2is displayed in a direction of the substrate 1, as illustrated inFIG. 1. However, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.In an alternative exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2, theorganic light-emitting display apparatus may be a top-emission type, inwhich the image of the display unit 2 is displayed in a directionopposite to the substrate 1. In another alternative exemplaryembodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the organic light-emitting displayapparatus may be a dual-emission type, in which the image of the displayunit 2 is displayed in the direction of the substrate 1 and thedirection opposite to the substrate 1.

Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of the organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of anorganic light-emitting display apparatus, and FIG. 5 is across-sectional view of an alternative exemplary embodiment of anorganic light-emitting display apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 4, the display unit 2 includes an organiclight-emitting unit 21 disposed on a substrate 1, which is transparent,and a sealing substrate 23 that seals the organic light-emitting unit21.

The sealing substrate 23 may block the penetration of the outside airand moisture into the organic light-emitting unit 21. In an exemplaryembodiment, where the image of the display unit 2 is displayed in thedirection opposite to the substrate 1 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, thesealing substrate 23 may include a transparent material such that animage displayed from the organic light-emitting unit 21 may transmittherethrough.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, edges of the substrate 1and the sealing substrate 23 are bonded to each other by a sealant 24disposed therebetween such that a space 25 between the substrate 1 andthe sealing substrate 23 is sealed. In such an embodiment, an absorbentor filler may be disposed in the space 25.

In an alternative exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5, anorganic light-emitting unit 21 may be protected from the outside air byforming a thin sealing film 26 on the organic light-emitting unit 21.The sealing film 26 may have a structure in which a first layerincluding an inorganic material, such as silicon oxide or siliconnitride, and a second layer including an organic material, such as epoxyor polyimide, are alternatingly and repeatedly stacked on one another.However, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto, and anysealing structure on a transparent thin film may be used.

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary embodiment of an organiclight-emitting display, illustrating a plurality of pixels P arranged ona substrate 1, FIG. 7 is a plan view of a single pixel P of FIG. 6, andFIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken alone line I-I of FIG. 7.

In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the substrate 1may have the shape of a rectangle with sides extending along a firstdirection D1 and a second direction D2 that are substantiallyperpendicular to each other. In such an embodiment, the sides parallelto the first direction D1 may be longer than the sides parallel to thesecond direction D2.

A plurality of first lines 331, which are wirings extendingsubstantially in the first direction D1, and a plurality of second lines332 and third lines 333, which are wirings extending substantially inthe second direction D2, may be arranged on the substrate 1. The firstlines 331 to the third lines 333 may be electrically connected to eachpixel P and may be electrically connected to a pixel circuit unit (notshown in FIG. 6) disposed in each pixel P. The pixel circuit unit ofeach pixel P may include a plurality of thin film transistors and astorage capacitor. Each pixel circuit unit is electrically connected toa first electrode, which will be described later in detail. Therefore,the first lines 331 to the third lines 333 may be electrically connectedto the first electrode which is a pixel electrode of each pixel P.According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the first line331 may be a scan line, the second line 332 may be a data line, and thethird line 333 may be a power voltage line. However, embodiments of theinvention are not limited thereto. Any one of the first line 331 to thethird line 333 may be the scan line, another one may be the data line,and the other one may be the power voltage line.

Each pixel P includes a first region 31 and a second region 32. A thirdregion 33 is disposed between the pixels P.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, as illustrated inFIG. 6, a second electrode 222, which applies a common power to eachpixel P, may be disposed along a substantially straight line extendingin a direction parallel to the first line 331.

A third electrode 223 is disposed in the third region 33. In anexemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the third electrode 223may be disposed along a substantially straight line extending in adirection parallel to the second line 332.

The third electrode 223 is in contact with the second electrode 222. Insuch an embodiment, the third electrode 223 includes a conductive metal,and the third electrode 223 may function as an auxiliary electrode thatreduces resistance of the second electrode 222.

In such an embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the first region 31 ofeach pixel P may include a light-emitting region 310, from which lightis emitted. In such an embodiment of the invention, the light-emittingregion 310 may include a first light-emitting region 311, a secondlight-emitting region 312 and a third light-emitting region 313. Thefirst light-emitting region 311, the second light-emitting region 312and the third light-emitting region 313 may correspond to a redsub-pixel, a green sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel, respectively.

First electrodes 221 are each independently disposed in the firstlight-emitting region 311, the second light-emitting region 312 and thethird light-emitting region 313.

In an exemplary embodiment, pixel circuit units (not shown), which areelectrically connected to the first electrodes 221 respectively, may bedisposed in the first region 31 of each pixel P, where the pixel circuitunits may be disposed to overlap the light-emitting region 310 or mayexpose the light-emitting region 310. The second region 32, including atransmission region that is transmitted by the external light, isdisposed adjacent to the first region 31. In an exemplary embodiment, asshown in FIG. 7, the transmission region and the second region 32 aresubstantially the same as each other. However, embodiments of theinvention are not limited thereto. In an alternative exemplaryembodiment, the second region 32 may be wider than the transmissionregion to thus include the transmission region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second region 32 may extent across thefirst light-emitting region 311, the second light-emitting region 312and the third light-emitting region 313. In such an embodiment, thesingle pixel P includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel and a bluesub-pixel, and the single second region 32 may be disposed adjacent tothe red sub-pixel, the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel. In suchan embodiment, an area of the second region 32, through which theexternal light transmits, may be increased such that transmittance ofthe entire display unit 2 may be increased.

However, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. In analternative exemplary embodiment, the second region 32 may beindependently disposed in the first light-emitting region 311, thesecond light-emitting region 312 or the third light-emitting region 313.

The pixel circuit unit may include a thin film transistor TR asillustrated in FIG. 8. In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel circuitunit may include more than one thin film transistor TR. In one exemplaryembodiment, for example, a plurality of thin film transistors and astorage capacitor, in addition to the thin film transistor TR shown inFIG. 8, may be further included in the pixel circuit unit.

Organic light-emitting devices are respectively disposed in the firstlight-emitting region 311, the second light-emitting region 312 and thethird light-emitting region 313. The organic light-emitting devices areelectrically connected to the thin film transistor TR of the pixelcircuit unit.

In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 8, a buffer layer 211is disposed on the substrate 1, and the pixel circuit unit, includingthe thin film transistor TR, is disposed on the buffer layer 211.

In such an embodiment, a semiconductor active layer 212 is disposed onthe buffer layer 211.

The buffer layer 211 may include a transparent insulating material, andmay function to effectively prevent the penetration of impurity elementsand planarize a surface of the substrate 1. The buffer layer 211 mayinclude various materials that may perform the functions describedabove. In one exemplary embodiment, for example, the buffer layer 211may include an inorganic material, such as silicon oxide, siliconnitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, titaniumoxide and titanium nitride, an organic material, such as polyimide,polyester and acryl, or a combination thereof. In an alternativeexemplary embodiment, the buffer layer 211 may be omitted.

In an exemplary embodiment, the semiconductor active layer 212 mayinclude polysilicon, for example. In an alternative exemplaryembodiment, the semiconductor active layer 212 may include an oxidesemiconductor. In one exemplary embodiment, for example, thesemiconductor active layer 212 may include a indium gallium zinc oxide(“IGZO”), e.g., (In₂O₃)_(a)(Ga₂O₃)_(b)(ZnO)_(c) (where a, b and c arereal numbers satisfying the following inequation: a≧0, b≧0 and c>0).

A gate insulating layer 213 is disposed on the buffer layer 211 to coverthe semiconductor active layer 212, and a gate electrode 214 is disposedon the gate insulating layer 213.

An interlayer insulating layer 215 is disposed on the gate insulatinglayer 213 to cover the gate electrode 214, and a source electrode 216and a drain electrode 217 are disposed on the interlayer insulatinglayer 215 to be in contact with the semiconductor active layer 212through contact holes defined, e.g., formed, in the interlayerinsulating layer 215.

A structure of the thin film transistor TR of an exemplary embodiment isnot limited to the structure shown in FIG. 8, and various types ofstructures of thin film transistors may be used.

A first insulating layer 218 is disposed on the interlayer insulatinglayer 215 to cover the thin film transistor TR. The first insulatinglayer 218 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure,in which a top surface thereof is planarized. The first insulating layer218 may include an inorganic material and/or an organic material.

In such an embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 8, a first electrode 221of the organic light-emitting device electrically connected to the thinfilm transistor TR is disposed on the first insulating layer 218. Thefirst electrode 221 may be in the shape of an island.

A second insulating layer 219 is disposed on the first insulating layer218 to cover edges of the first electrode 221. The second insulatinglayer 219 may include an organic material, such as acryl and polyimide,for example.

An organic emission layer 220 is disposed on the first electrode 221,and a second electrode 222 is disposed to cover the organic emissionlayer 220 to thereby define an organic light-emitting device.

In such an embodiment, the organic emission layer 220 may include a lowmolecular weight organic material or a polymer organic material, forexample

In an exemplary embodiment, where the organic emission layer 220includes a low molecular weight organic material, the organic emissionlayer 220 may include a hole injection layer (“HIL”), a hole transportlayer (“HTL”), an emission layer (“EML”), an electron transport layer(“ETL”) and an electron injection layer (“EIL”), which are stacked in asingle or composite structure. In such an embodiment, the organicemission layer 220 including low molecular weight organic materiallayers may be provided, e.g., formed, by vacuum deposition.

The EML may be independently provided for each of the red, green andblue sub-pixels, e.g., in the first light-emitting region 311, thesecond light-emitting region 312 and the third light-emitting region313, and the HIL, the HTL, the ETL and the EIL may be commonly providedin the first light-emitting region 311, the second light-emitting region312 and the third light-emitting region 313 as common layers. In anexemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a red emission layer may beformed substantially in a straight line parallel to the second directionD2 to pass the first light-emitting region 311, a green emission layermay be formed substantially in a straight line parallel to the seconddirection D2 to pass the second light-emitting region 312, and a blueemission layer may be formed substantially in a straight line parallelto the second direction D2 to pass the third light-emitting region 313.IN such an embodiment, the above-described common layers, e.g., the HIL,the HTL, the ETL and the EIL, may be formed to cover the entire pixels Pusing an open mask.

However, embodiments of the invention are not necessarily limitedthereto, and various modified embodiments may be used. In onealternative exemplary embodiment, for example, the red emission layer,the green emission layer and the blue emission layer may be formed in adot pattern to respectively correspond to the first light-emittingregion 311, the second light-emitting region 312 and the thirdlight-emitting region 313. In another alternative exemplary embodiment,the blue emission layer is commonly formed in the first light-emittingregion 311, the second light-emitting region 312 and the thirdlight-emitting region 313, and the red emission layer and the greenemission layer may be respectively formed in a dot pattern in the firstlight-emitting region 311 and the second light-emitting region 312 ormay be formed substantially in a straight line pattern parallel to thesecond direction D2 to pass the first light-emitting region 311 and thesecond light-emitting region 312. In an exemplary embodiment, at leastone of the common layers may be patterned in the same manner as eachemission layer.

The HIL may include a phthalocyanine compound, such as copperphthalocyanine, starburst-type amines, such astris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (“TCTA”),4,4′,4″-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (“m-MTDATA”),and 1,3,5-tris[4-(3-methylphenylphenylamino)phenyl]benzene (“m-MTDAPB”),for example, or a combination thereof.

The HTL may includeN,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine(“TPD”), N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (“α-NPD”) or acombination thereof.

The EIL may include a material, such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO or8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (“Liq”).

The ETL may include tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (“Alq3”).

The EML may include a host material and a dopant material.

The host material of the EML may include Alq3,9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (“ADN”),2-tertbutyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (“TBADN”),4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenylethene-1-yl)biphenyl (“DPVBi”), or4,4′-bis(2,2-di(4-methylphenyl)-ethene-1-yl)biphenyl (“p-DMDPVBi”).

The dopant material of the EML may include4,4′-bis[4-(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]biphenyl (“DPAVBi”), ADN, or TBADN.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first electrode 221 may function as ananode and the second electrode 222 may function as a cathode, but is notlimited thereto. In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the firstelectrode 221 may function as a cathode, and the second electrode 222may function as an anode in an alternative exemplary embodiment.

In an exemplary embodiment, where the first electrode 221 functions asan anode, the first electrode 221 may include a high work functionmaterial, such as indium tin oxide (“ITO”), indium zinc oxide (“IZO”),zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium oxide (In₂O₃). In an exemplary embodiment,where the organic light-emitting display is a top-emission type in whichan image is obtained in a direction opposite to the substrate 1, thefirst electrode 221 may further include a reflective layer (not shown)including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), platinum (Pt),palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir),chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), ytterbium (Yb), cobalt (Co), samarium (Sm),calcium (Ca), or a combination thereof.

In an exemplary embodiment, where the second electrode 222 functions asa cathode, the second electrode 222 may include a metal, such as Ag, Mg,Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Yb, Co, Sm, or Ca, for example. Inan exemplary embodiment, where the organic light-emitting display is atop-emission type, the second electrode 222 may be transparent and/orsemi-transparent to light. In such an embodiment, the second electrode222 may be provided as a thin film including Mg and/or a Mg alloy. Thesecond electrode 222 may function as a common electrode to apply acommon voltage to the pixels.

In an exemplary embodiment, where the second electrode 222 functions asthe common electrode that applies the common voltage to all pixels, avoltage drop phenomenon may occur when the sheet resistance of thesecond electrode 222 increases.

In such an embodiment, a third electrode 223 may be further provided tobe electrically connected to the second electrode 222 to effectivelyprevent the voltage drop phenomenon. The third electrode 223 may includea metal, such as Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Yb, Co, Sm,or Ca, and may include a same material as the second electrode 222.

According to an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 8, afterproviding the organic emission layer 220 and before providing the secondelectrode 222, a first auxiliary layer 231 may be provided, e.g.,formed, in the second region 32 on the organic emission layer 220. Insuch an embodiment, the first auxiliary layer 231 may be deposited usinga mask (not shown), and the first auxiliary layer 231 may be provided inthe second region 32 and may not be provided in the first region 31. Thefirst auxiliary layer 231 may be formed in a portion of the third region33. In an exemplary embodiment, where the first auxiliary layer 231 isformed in a straight line parallel to the first direction D1 as shown inFIG. 7, the first auxiliary layer 231 may be provided in a portion ofthe third region 33 that is adjacent to the second region 32. However,embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. The firstauxiliary layer 231 may be patterned to expose the third region 33.

The first auxiliary layer 231 may include a material having low adhesionto a material of a layer thereon, i.e., the material of the secondelectrode 222, e.g., Mg and/or a Mg alloy.

In one exemplary embodiment, for example, the first auxiliary layer 231may includeN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,N(diphenyl-4-yl)9,9-dimethyl-N-(4(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine,2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo-[D]imidazole,m-MTDATA, α-NPD, or TPD.

The first auxiliary layer 231, which is patterned to be disposed in thesecond region 32 and not to be disposed in the first region 31, isprovided on the organic emission layer 220, before providing the secondelectrode 222.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode 222 may be provided bycommonly depositing a metal for forming the second electrode 222 overthe entire pixels including the first region 31 to the third region 33using an open mask. In such an embodiment, as described above, thesecond electrode 222 may be formed as a thin film such that the secondelectrode 222 may become a transflective layer or a transparent layer.

In such an embodiment, where the metal for forming the second electrode222 is commonly deposited over the entire pixels using the open mask,the metal for forming the second electrode 222 may not be well depositedon the first auxiliary layer 231, but may be well deposited on theorganic emission layer 220. In such an embodiment, where the organicemission layer 220 is patterned as described above, the metal forforming the second electrode 222 may also be deposited on the secondinsulating layer 219 on which the first auxiliary layer 231 is notprovided.

In such an embodiment, where the metal for forming the second electrode222 may not be well deposited on the first auxiliary layer 231 but maybe well deposited on the organic emission layer 220, the secondelectrode 222 may have a patterned shape that exposes the second region32 including the transmission region.

In such an embodiment, adhesion of the second electrode 222 to theorganic emission layer 220 is higher than adhesion of the secondelectrode 222 to the first auxiliary layer 231, and the second electrode222 is formed as a thin film, such that the second electrode 222 isprovided in a region of the first region 31 and the third region 33, inwhich the first auxiliary layer 231 is not provided, but is not providedin a region of the second region 32 and the third region 33, in whichthe first auxiliary layer 231 is provided.

Therefore, in such an embodiment, the second electrode 222 may beefficiently patterned without using a separate mask for patterning.

In such an embodiment, the second insulating layer 219 and/or the commonlayer may include a material having higher adhesion to the metal forforming the second electrode 222 than the first auxiliary layer 231. Inone exemplary embodiment, for example, the second insulating layer 219may include acryl, and the common layer, e.g., the EIL, may include Liq.

Next, a second auxiliary layer 232 is provided in the first region 31and the second region 32. The second auxiliary layer 232 is provided onthe second electrode 222 in the first region 31 and is provided on thefirst auxiliary layer 231 in the second region 32. The second auxiliarylayer 232 may be patterned to expose the third region 33.

The second auxiliary layer 232 may include a material having lowadhesion to a material of a layer thereon, i.e., the metal of the thirdelectrode 223, e.g., Mg and/or a Mg alloy.

The second auxiliary layer 232 may includeN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,N(diphenyl-4-yl)9,9-dimethyl-N-(4(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine,2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo-[D]imidazole,m-MTDATA, α-NPD, or TPD.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second auxiliary layer 232 may functionas a mask when the third electrode 223 is provided.

In such an embodiment, the metal for forming the third electrode 223 maybe commonly deposited over the first region 31 to the third region 33using an open mask after providing the second auxiliary layer 232, thethird electrode 223 may not be deposited in the first region 31 and thesecond region 32, but may be only provided in the third region 33 suchthat the second auxiliary layer 232 is formed in the first region 31 andthe second region 32.

The third electrode 223 may be thicker than the second electrode 222,and as a result, the voltage drop of the second electrode 222, whichapplies a common voltage, may be effectively prevented.

In such an embodiment as described above, since the second electrode 222and the third electrode 223 including metal may be provided bypatterning without using a fine metal mask such that the process ofproviding the second electrode 222 and the third electrode 223 may besubstantially simplified. In such an embodiment, the second electrode222 and the third electrode 223 are not allowed to be formed in thesecond region 32 including the transmission region, and thus,transmittance of the entire panel is substantially improved.

The organic emission layer 220, the first auxiliary layer 231 and thesecond auxiliary layer 232 may use a material having high opticaltransmittance in a state in which power is not applied thereto.Accordingly, transmittance of external light in the second region 32 mayis effectively prevented from being reduced.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative exemplary embodimentof an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to theinvention.

The organic light-emitting display apparatus in FIG. 9 is substantiallythe same as the organic light-emitting display apparatus shown in FIG. 8except for the second electrode 222 and the second auxiliary layer 223.The same or like elements shown in FIG. 9 have been labeled with thesame reference characters as used above to describe the exemplaryembodiment of organic light-emitting display apparatus shown in FIG. 8,and any repetitive detailed description thereof will hereinafter beomitted or simplified.

In an exemplary embodiment, where the first auxiliary layer 231 and/orthe second auxiliary layer 232 include a material having low adhesion toa metal of a layer thereon, e.g., Mg and/or a Mg alloy, a small amountof the metal may be deposited on the first auxiliary layer 231 and/orthe second auxiliary layer 232.

Therefore, in such an embodiment where the first auxiliary layer 231 isformed in the second region 32 and a portion of the third region 33 andis not formed in the first region 31 and another portion of the thirdregion 33, when the metal for forming the second electrode 222 isdeposited in the first region 31 to the third region 33 using an openmask as described above, the second electrode 222 may be entirelyprovided in the first region 31 to the third region 33 as illustrated inFIG. 9. when the second electrode 222 may be entirely provided in thefirst region 31 to the third region 33, a thickness t2 of a portion 222b of the second electrode 222 that is disposed in the second region 32and the portion of the third region 33 may be relatively less than athickness t1 of a portion 222 a of the second electrode 222 that isdisposed in the first region 31 and the another portion of the thirdregion 33.

In such an embodiment, where the second auxiliary layer 232 is formed inthe first region 31 and the second region 32 and is not formed in thethird region 33, when the metal for forming the third electrode 223 isdeposited in the first region 31 to the third region 33 using an openmask as described above, the third electrode 223 may be entirely formedin the first region 31 to the third region 33 as illustrated in FIG. 9.When the third electrode 223 may be entirely formed in the first region31 to the third region 33, a thickness t4 of a portion 223 b of thethird electrode 223 that is disposed in the first region 31 and thesecond region 32 may be relatively less than a thickness t3 of a portion223 a of the third electrode 223 that is disposed in the third region33.

In such an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the portion 222 b of thesecond electrode 222 and the portion 223 b of the third electrode 223,which includes a metallic material, may be disposed in the second region32, e.g., a transmission region. In such an embodiment, the portion 222b of the second electrode 222 and the portion 223 b of the thirdelectrode 223 are substantially thin, such that the transmittance ofexternal light at the second region 32 may be effectively prevented frombeing substantially reduced.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus according tothe invention.

The organic light-emitting display apparatus in FIG. 10 is substantiallythe same as the organic light-emitting display apparatus shown in FIG. 8except for the second insulating layer 219. The same or like elementsshown in FIG. 10 have been labeled with the same reference characters asused above to describe the exemplary embodiment of organiclight-emitting display apparatus shown in FIG. 8, and any repetitivedetailed description thereof will hereinafter be omitted or simplified.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, a transmission window219 a may be defined in the second region 32 of the second insulatinglayer 219. The transmission window 219 a may be formed by removing aportion of the second insulating layer 219 corresponding to the secondregion 32, such that the transmittance of external light in the secondregion 32 is substantially improved. FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplaryembodiment where the transmission window 219 a is defined only in thesecond insulating layer 219. However, embodiments of the invention arenot limited thereto, and a transmission window may be further providedin at least one of the first insulating layer 218, the interlayerinsulating layer 215, the gate insulating layer 213 and the buffer layer211 in an alternative exemplary embodiment. A structure of thetransmission window illustrated in FIG. 10 may be provided in theexemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9.

Such an embodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus may bea large-sized organic light-emitting display apparatus. A patterningprocess using a fine metal mask may not be efficiently and effectivelyused to manufacture a large-sized organic light-emitting displayapparatus such that patterning of the second electrode with respect tothe second region including the transmission region may be difficult.However, in an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an open mask,instead of the fine metal mask, may be used for the patterning of thesecond electrode, such that patterning of the second electrode withrespect to the second region including the transmission region may beeffectively and efficiently performed.

Next, an exemplary embodiment of a method of manufacturing an organiclight-emitting display apparatus according to the invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14.

FIGS. 11 to 14 are plan views illustrating an exemplary embodiment of amethod of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to the invention.

A substrate, in which an organic emission layer 220 is provided in eachpixel P, is prepared, and a first auxiliary layer 231 is provided, e.g.,formed, on the substrate as illustrated in FIG. 11.

As described above, the organic emission layer 220 may include red,green and blue EMLs, and common layers, such as a HIL, a HTL, an ETL andan EIL. The red, green and blue EMLs may be each independently patternedfor a first light-emitting region 311, a second light-emitting region312 and a third light-emitting region 313, and the common layers may becommonly provided in the first light-emitting region 311, the secondlight-emitting region 312 and the third light-emitting region 313.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the red EML maybe provided substantially along a straight line parallel to a seconddirection D2 to pass the first light-emitting region 311, the green EMLmay be provided substantially along a straight line parallel to thesecond direction D2 to pass the second light-emitting region 312, andthe blue EML may be provided substantially along a straight lineparallel to the second direction D2 to pass the third light-emittingregion 313. The common layers may be provided to cover the entire pixelsP using an open mask.

However, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto, and theorganic emission layer 220 may be provided using various methods. In onealternative exemplary embodiment, for example, the red EML, the greenEML and the blue EML may be formed in a dot pattern to respectivelycorrespond to the first light-emitting region 311, the secondlight-emitting region 312 and the third light-emitting region 313. Insuch an embodiment, the blue EML is commonly formed in the firstlight-emitting region 311, the second light-emitting region 312 and thethird light-emitting region 313, and the red EML and the green EML maybe formed in a dot pattern respectively in the first light-emittingregion 311 and the second light-emitting region 312 or may be formedsubstantially along a straight line pattern parallel to the seconddirection D2 to pass the first light-emitting region 311 and the secondlight-emitting region 312. In another alternative exemplary embodiment,at least one of the common layers may be patterned in the same manner aseach EML.

The first auxiliary layer 231 may be provided, e.g., formed, in thesecond region 32 but not in the first region 31. The first auxiliarylayer 231 may be provided in a portion of the third region 33.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the firstauxiliary layer 231 may be provided substantially along a straight lineparallel to a first direction D1 as illustrated in FIG. 11. Therefore,the first auxiliary layer 231 may be substantially parallel to the firstline 331 (see FIG. 6).

Next, a metal for forming a second electrode 222 is commonly depositedover the entire pixels including the first region 31 to the third region33 using an open mask. In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode222 may be formed as a thin film such that the second electrode 222 maybecome a transflective layer.

When the metal for forming the second electrode 222 is commonlydeposited over the entire pixels using the open mask, the metal forforming the second electrode 222 may have low adhesion to the firstauxiliary layer 231, but high adhesion to the organic emission layer220. In such an embodiment, when the organic emission layer 220 ispatterned as described above, the metal for forming the second electrode222 may also be deposited on the second insulating layer 219 on whichthe first auxiliary layer 231 is not provided.

Accordingly, the second electrode 222 may be formed in a straight lineparallel to the first direction D1 as illustrated in FIG. 12.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 13, a second auxiliary layer 232 isprovided, e.g., formed, in the first region 31 and the second region 32.The second auxiliary layer 232 is provided on the second electrode 222in the first region 31 and on the first auxiliary layer 231 in thesecond region 32. The second auxiliary layer 232 may be patterned toexpose the third region 33.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the secondauxiliary layer 232 may be provided substantially along a straight lineparallel to the second direction D2 as illustrated in FIG. 13.Therefore, the second auxiliary layer 232 may be substantially parallelto the second line 332 (see FIG. 6).

Next, a metal for forming a third electrode 223 is commonly depositedover the first region 31 to the third region 33 using an open mask. Inan exemplary embodiment, the second auxiliary layer 232 may function asa mask for forming the third electrode 223. Therefore, the thirdelectrode 223 may not effectively provided in the first region 31 andthe second region 32, but may only be provided in the third region 33,and thus, the third electrode 223 may be provided substantially along astraight line parallel to the second direction D2 as illustrated in FIG.14. As a result, the third electrode 223 may be substantially parallelto the second line 332 (see FIG. 6). The third electrode 223 may bethicker than the second electrode 222.

In such an embodiment, the second electrode 222 and the third electrode223, which includes a metal, may be formed by patterning without using aseparate mask, such that a process of providing the second electrode 222and the third electrode 223 may be substantially simplified. In such anembodiment, the second electrode 222 and the third electrode 223 areeffectively prevented from being provided in the second region 32including the transmission region, and thus, transmittance of the entirepanel may be substantially improved.

The manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 illustrates anexemplary embodiment of a method of manufacturing the exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting display apparatus illustrated inFIG. 8. However, the manufacturing method may also be used tomanufacture the exemplary embodiments of an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, exemplary embodiments of an organiclight-emitting display apparatus having a structure, in which long sidesof the substrate 1 extend along the first direction D1 and short sidesof the substrate 1 extend along the second direction D2, are describedherein. However, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.As illustrated in FIG. 15, an exemplary embodiment of an organiclight-emitting display apparatus may have a structure, in which shortsides of a substrate 1 extend along the first direction D1 and longsides of the substrate 1 extend along the second direction D2.

It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described thereinshould be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as available for other similar featuresor aspects in other embodiments.

While the invention have been particularly shown and described withreference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form anddetails may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scopeof the invention as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting display apparatuscomprising: a substrate; a plurality of pixels defined on the substrate,wherein each pixel comprises: a first region comprising a light-emittingregion which emits light; and a second region comprising a transmissionregion which transmits external light; a third region defined on thesubstrate disposed between the pixels; a plurality of first electrodesdisposed in the pixels on the substrate, respectively, wherein eachfirst electrode is disposed in the first region of a correspondingpixel; an organic emission layer disposed to cover the first electrodes;a first auxiliary layer disposed on the organic emission layer in thesecond region and which exposes the first region; a second electrodedisposed on the organic emission layer in the first region; a secondauxiliary layer disposed in the first region and the second region andwhich exposes the third region; and a third electrode disposed in thethird region and in contact with the second electrode.
 2. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondelectrode exposes the second region.
 3. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is disposedin the second region, and a thickness of a portion of the secondelectrode in the second region is less than a thickness of a portion ofthe second electrode in the first region.
 4. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second electrode is disposedon the first auxiliary layer in the second region.
 5. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first auxiliarylayer is disposed in the third region.
 6. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the third electrode exposes thefirst region and the second region.
 7. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the third electrode is disposed inthe first region and the second region, and a thickness of a portion ofthe third electrode in the first region or the second region is lessthan a thickness of a portion of the third electrode in the thirdregion.
 8. The organic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 7,wherein the third electrode is disposed on the second auxiliary layer inthe first region and the second region.
 9. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third electrodeis greater than a thickness of the second electrode.
 10. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein adhesion of thesecond electrode to the organic emission layer is higher than adhesionof the second electrode to the first auxiliary layer.
 11. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein adhesion of thethird electrode to the second electrode is higher than adhesion of thethird electrode to the second auxiliary layer.
 12. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of thefirst auxiliary layer and the second auxiliary layer comprisesN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,N(diphenyl-4-yl)9,9-dimethyl-N-(4(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine,2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo-[D]imidazole,4,4,4-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine,N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine, or4,4′-Bis[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl.
 13. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondelectrode and the third electrode comprise magnesium (Mg).
 14. Theorganic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a plurality of first lines which extends substantially in a firstdirection and is electrically connected to the first electrodes,respectively; and a plurality of second lines which extendssubstantially in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the firstdirection, and is electrically connected to the first electrodes,respectively, wherein the first auxiliary layer is disposedsubstantially along a straight line parallel to the first lines.
 15. Theorganic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 14, wherein the secondelectrode is disposed substantially along a straight line parallel tothe first lines.
 16. The organic light-emitting display apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein the second auxiliary layer is disposed substantiallyalong a straight line parallel to the second lines.
 17. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 14, wherein the thirdelectrode is disposed substantially along a straight line parallel tothe second lines.
 18. A method of manufacturing an organiclight-emitting display apparatus, the method comprising: defining aplurality of pixels on a substrate, wherein each pixel comprises: afirst region comprising a light-emitting region which emits light; and asecond region comprising a transmission region, which transmits externallight; providing a plurality of first electrodes in the pixels,respectively, wherein each first electrode is disposed in the firstregion of a corresponding pixel; providing an organic emission layer tocover the first electrodes; providing a first auxiliary layer on theorganic emission layer in the second region and to expose the firstregion; providing a second electrode in the first region by depositing ametal for forming the second electrode on the organic emission layer;providing a second auxiliary layer to cover the second electrode in thefirst region and the second region, and to expose a third region whichis defined between the pixels; and providing a third electrode in thethird region to be in contact with the second electrode by depositing ametal for forming the third electrode on the second electrode.
 19. Themethod of claim 18, wherein the providing the second electrode comprisessimultaneously depositing the metal for forming the second electrode inthe first region to the third region, wherein the second electrodeexposes the second region.
 20. The method of claim 18, wherein theproviding the second electrode comprises simultaneously depositing themetal for forming the second electrode in the first region to the thirdregion, wherein the second electrode is provided in the second region,and a thickness of a portion of the second electrode in the secondregion is less than a thickness of a portion of the second electrode inthe first region.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the providing thesecond electrode comprises providing the second electrode on the firstauxiliary layer in the second region.
 22. The method of claim 18,wherein the providing the first auxiliary layer comprises disposing thefirst auxiliary layer in the third region.
 23. The method of claim 18,wherein the providing the third electrode comprises simultaneouslydepositing the metal for forming the third electrode in the first regionto the third region, wherein the third electrode exposes the firstregion and the second region.
 24. The method of claim 18, wherein theproviding the third electrode comprises simultaneously depositing themetal for forming the third electrode in the first region to the thirdregion, wherein the third electrode is provided in the first region andthe second region, and a thickness of a part of the third electrode inthe first region or the second region is less than a thickness of aportion of the third electrode in the third region.
 25. The method ofclaim 24, wherein the providing the third electrode comprises providingthe third electrode on the second auxiliary layer in the first regionand the second region.
 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the thirdelectrode is thicker than the second electrode.
 27. The method of claim18, wherein adhesion of the second electrode to the organic emissionlayer is higher than adhesion of the second electrode to the firstauxiliary layer.
 28. The method of claim 18, wherein adhesion of thethird electrode to the second electrode is higher than adhesion of thethird electrode to the second auxiliary layer.
 29. The method of claim18, wherein at least one of the first auxiliary layer and the secondauxiliary layer comprisesN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine,N(diphenyl-4-yl)9,9-dimethyl-N-(4(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine,2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo-[D]imidazole,4,4,4-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine,N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine, or4,4′-Bis[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl.
 30. The method ofclaim 18, wherein the metal for forming the second electrode and themetal for forming the third electrode comprise magnesium (Mg).
 31. Themethod of claim 18, further comprising: providing a plurality of firstlines which extends substantially in a first direction and iselectrically connected to the first electrodes, respectively; andproviding a plurality of second lines which extends substantially in asecond direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction, and iselectrically connected to the first electrodes, respectively, whereinthe providing the first auxiliary layer comprises patterning the firstauxiliary layer to be provided substantially along a straight lineparallel to the first lines.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein theproviding the second auxiliary layer comprises patterning the secondauxiliary layer to be provided substantially along a straight lineparallel to the second lines.